Cardiac surgery is a fairly young specialty, if you can call it that.

In the past, surgeons were not even allowed to touch the heart because it was considered taboo. It wasn't until the 1960s and 1970s that it all developed. And it wasn't until the invention of the heart-lung machine that heart surgery could truly take off. In the beginning, it was done with the instruments that were available, which were general instruments. Later, specific instruments were developed. The instruments we use today